ex-libris

First comes the artists name, followed, when it is known, by the country and dates of birth and death; means ‘made for’ and precedes the name of the person an ex-libris was made for. Then comes the technique, followed by the size of the print (height by width in millimeters) and date; c. means approximately; ipse means that the artist made the plate for himself. Nobiliary titles are given in the language of origin.
Bibl. means library; ex dono means that the book was given or bequeathed; fl. followed by dates means that the artist was active during this period. Reference abbreviations can be found with the bibliography at the end of RET.

Intaglio printing techniques
C = intaglio printing (blank); C1 = steel engraving; C2 = copper engraving; C3 = etching; C4 = drypoint; C5 = aquatint; C6 = soft-ground etching; C7 = mezzotint.

Relief printing tchniques
X = relief printing; X1 = woodcut; X2 = wood engraving; X3 = linocut; X4 = lead engraving; X5 = zinc engraving; X6 = plastic engraving; T = typographic.

Flatbed and industrial techniques
L = lithography; S1 = silkscreen; S2 = mimeography (dye sten- cil); S3 = Katazome; S4 = Kappa; P = photographic reproduction,- PI = line block; P2 = half-tone; P3 = photogravure; P4 = rotogravure; P5 = collotype; P6 = photolithography; P7 = ofset; P8 = photograph; CAD = computer aided design; MT = mixed technique; UT = unregistered technique.

Number preceding the technique = number of plates used; / number after the technique - number of colors used. / col. = hand coloured

This list of abbreviations, adopted by FISAE in 1958 and only slightly updated in 1992, needs to be revised. Amongst unregistered techniques, various original graphic techniques had to be included - to give but one common example - linoleum engrav- ing (as opposed to linocut).