While the heraldic revival was starting in Germany in the latter part of the 19th century, the Pre-Raphaelite movement stimulated British artists to return to neo-classical-romantic imagery. Some of the most important artists of the period, such as Millais, Burne-Jones, Beardsley, Morris and others, occasionally made ex-libris. Their style influenced many of their colleagues active in the field of graphics and illustration, paving the way for a movement of decorative arts throughout Europe generally termed ‘Art Nouveau’. In Britain it reached maturity at the turn of the century, and in the field of bookplates it was consecrated by the publication of a special number of the magazine The Studio in 1898-9, in which ex-libris of important artists active in this field were illustrated. Often, bookplates artist of this period used new industrial techniques developed at the time, although some, in reaction, turned back to classical graphics. One must also note that from the realist and impressionist work of some earlier artists (Legros, Holroyd, etc.) the trend went towards symbolism, though perhaps less markedly than in other parts of Europe.